Criminal Law

Criminal law in India governs offenses that are considered harmful to society and are punishable by the state. It is designed to maintain public order, protect citizens’ rights, and deter criminal behavior through punishment and rehabilitation. The Indian Penal Code (IPC), enacted in 1860, is the primary legal framework for defining crimes and prescribing punishments for offenses ranging from theft, assault, and murder, to more serious crimes like terrorism and human trafficking. The Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) governs the procedural aspects of criminal law, including investigation, arrest, trial, and appeals. Criminal law in India classifies offenses into cognizable and non-cognizable, determining the level of police intervention required. The law also ensures the protection of the rights of the accused, including the right to a fair trial, legal representation, and the presumption of innocence until proven guilty. Over time, criminal law has evolved to address new challenges such as cybercrime, sexual offenses, and organized crime. Judicial interpretations and landmark rulings continue to shape the law, striving for a balance between justice for victims and ensuring the rights of the accused.